Mast Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells: Underappreciated Players in CNS Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease

Mast Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells: Underappreciated Players in CNS Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, are autoimmune CNS inflammatory diseases. As a result of a breakdown in the relatively impermeable blood-brain barrier (BBB) in affected individuals, myelin-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells gain entry into the immune privileged CNS and initiate myelin, oligodendrocyte, and nerve axon destruction. However, desp...

Innate lymphoid cells: new players in atherosclerosis?

role of innate lymphoid cells in lung disease

innate lymphoid cells (ilcs) are identified as novel population of hematopoietic cells which protect the body by coordinating the innate immune response against a wide range of threats including infections, tissue damages and homeostatic disturbances. ilcs, particularly ilc2 cells, are found throughout the body including the brain. ilcs are morphologically similar to lymphocytes, express and re...

Innate lymphoid cells in immunity and disease.

The family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprises of natural killer (NK) cells, Rorγt-dependent ILCs (lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, ILC22, and ILC17), and type 2 ILCs. Apart from a common requirement for inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) expression and common γ-chain (γc) signaling, the differentiation of ILC populations is regulated by distinct transcription factors. ILCs play fundame...

Role of Th1 and Th2 cells in autoimmune demyelinating disease.

Evidence is accumulating that Th1 cells play an important role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), whereas Th2 cells contribute to recovery from disease. A major determinant in the development of Th1 and Th2 cells is the type of antigen-presenting cell (APC) involved and its functional characteristics, e.g., the production of interleu...